System of heating and ventilating buildings



N. WHEELER. SYSTEM 0F vIiUaMINeAND VENTILATING BUILDINGS.

Patented Sept. 25, 1888.

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(No Medel.)

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

N. WHEELER. SYSTEM 0F HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS. N0. 285,539. Patented Sept. 25, 1883.

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UNITED STATES PATENT EEICE.

NATHANIEL VHEELER, OF BRIDGEPORT, CONNECTlCUT.

SYSTEM OF HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent'No. 285,559, dated September 25, 18`83.

Application filed March 30, 1883. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that l, NA'rHnNIEL VHEELER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bridgeport, in the county' of Fairfield and State of Connecticut,- have invented anew, useful, and Improved System of Heating and Ventilating Buildings; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to the heating and ventil( tion of buildings, and has for its objects to thoroughly warm any number of rooms by indirect heat, and at the Sametime to secure perfect ventilation by supplying the heated air in such quantities and in such a manner that all the air in the rooms may be rapidly changed as often as may be desired, the foul air being forced out at the level of the floor. Numerous attempts have been made heretofore to accomplish these objects, but with very imperfect results, as some of the requirements necessary to the perfect Working of the sys tem have been omitted in every system that has been tried previously to mine.

My invention consists in the details of construction and arrangement, which will be hereinafter fully described, and then specifically designated by the claims.

For the purpose of enabling those skilled in the science to which this invention appertains to understand and use my improved system, d will proceed vto describe the same, re-

ferring by letters to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a central vertical section of a building containing my improved system of heating and ventilation. Fig. 2 is a partial plan of one iioor of the building, and Fig. 3

ter what may be the direction ofthe wind the supply of air is not affected thereby. These ducts preferably end in short towers carried up in the angles of the side walls ten or twelve feet above the surface of the ground, for the purpose of securing pure air.

E E are the coil-chambers, situated directly above the cold-air ducts, a separate coil-chamber being provided for eaclrroom. Apipe or flue, F, leads from each coil-chamber through the shaft directly to the room to be heated. These pipes are made large enough to admit the required amount of air, and terminate in registers or openings u G of still larger dimensions. These openings are located a short distance below the ceilings, and may advantageously be placed in the inner corners of the rooms, the corners being clipped to form a flat surface for thel register-openings. The coilchambers are situated in the shaft directly over the coil-air ducts and rest upon iron girders Q, over which is placed asheet-iron cover, P, so that all air entering from the ducts must pass into the coil-chambers. These chambers are providedwith two or more separate coils, e e, each connected directly with the supplypipe 2 and escape-pipe R, and provided with cut-off valves. No attempt is made to regulate the temperature of the rooms at the incoming-registers, the temperature of the air to be supplied being regulated by the number of coils in the chambers into which steam is admitted, and by a damper which regulates the supply of cold air admitted to the coilchambers. Other sets of dampers regulate ,the exhaust from the rooms, as will presently be explained.

Speaking-tubes or bells may be used to signal to the janitor or engineer from the rooms above.

ln extreme cold weather all of the coils belonging to rooms to be heated may be used 5 but ordinarily one or two coils for each room will'be found sufficient.

IIt will of course be understood that one or any number of rooms may be heated without in any way affecting rooms which it is not de- Vsired to heat.

It is not intended to ever roo After passing through the`coil-chamber the above, I also place a damper, N, in each of 100O to 1250 Fahrenheit will be found sufficient at any time. rlhe orifice for the outgoing air is located at the level of the Vlioor,'p1.eferably in the same corner of the room at which the warm air enters, and should be at least twice the size of the opening which supplies the warm air. lThe motion of the incoming air is upward and outward until it reaches the outer walls, where it is rapidly cooled, and falls toward the iloo'r. The stratum of vit-iated air being forced downwardvinstead of being allowed to rise, it then passes along the iioor toward the outgoing-register II.

It will be seen that most of the air entering is made to traverse the entire room before it can reach the outgoing-register, which necessarily causes a constant movement of the air in all parts of the room, the essential principle being that at the breathing-line a constant supply of absolutely pure and moderatelywarmed air is received from above. The constant supply of air comin g in above the breath- Apipe S will be found amply sufficient to cause a strong upward current of air. As an additional safeguard, however, coils in direct connection with the boiler may be placed in the shafts, into which steam may be admitted should it be found necessary. These coils are indicatednat B in the drawings.

The dampers, which I will now describe, form an important feature of my invention, in connection with the parts described above.

At night, and over Sundays and holidays, the boiler-iires are banked, and of course little or no steam can enter the -coil-ehambers. In order toprevent the temperature of the rooms from being seriously reduced, I place dampcrs K K in the shafts, which eifeetually close them, and prevent the warm air in the rooms from being drawn out and into the shafts, and also prevent the cold air from settling down into the rooms. These dampers are preferably placed above the coils. rlhey are hinged at L L, as shown, a-nd are raised by cords, which pass ever pulleys and down into one of the rooms. Dampers which wholly close the main shaft are very important, and have .never been used previously iu this connection I also place some simple style of dainpers in the oi'itgoing-registcrs, as at M. The particular style of damper used is unimportant. For the purposes of my invention a hap-damper, or the ordinary register Slat-damper shown, will be found equally efiicient. Ordinarily in .regulating the ten'lperature of the rooms this damper need not be used.

In addition to the sets of dampers specified the side walls ofthe building at the entrances to the cold-air duets.

These dainpers should in cold weather be closed at night, to prevent the entrance of cold air and consequent chilling of the floors. They are also used to regulate the quantity of air admitted to the coilchambers. They may be arranged to operate in any simple manner, the precise mode of operation not being of the essence of myinvention.

For the purposes of summer ventilation the operation I have described above is to a certain extent reversed. Dampers K and N are fully opened, damper M being partially closed, the external air entering from the ducts through the coil-chambers, to which of course no steam is admitted. External air is also admitted to the rooms, in as large quantities as may be desired, at the windows. rIhe exhaust from the rooms is mainly at registers G, the caps or covers T at the angles of pipes F being removed or turned out of the way, so as to offer no obstruction to the outgoing air. A strong current is kept up in the shalt by admitting steam to coils I.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a heating and ventilating system, a shaft provided with dampers which wholly close it, and containing coilchambers and hot-air lines, in combination with rooms into which the heated air is delivered, and from which the foul air passes into the shaft.

2. Shaft A, having dampers K, in combination with pipes F and coil-chambers E, substantially as described.

3. Shaft A, having dampers K and registers II, in combination with coil-chambers E, containing two or more coils, e e, each separately connected to the supply and waste pipes, and having cut-off valves and pipes F leading to the rooms, whereby, when in use, ventilation is constant, the temperature being regulated at the coil-chamber, and when not in use escape of warm air and entrance of cold air is wholly prevented.

4. Shaft A, having dampers K K, in combination with ducts D, having dampers N, coil-chambers E, and pipes F.

5. Coil-chambers E, containing two or more coils, e c, each separately connected to the supply and waste pipes, and having cut-off valves, in combination with pipes F and registers II, opening into the shalt, whereby constant ventilation is secured and the temperature is regulated at the coil-chambers.

Coil-chamber E, containing two or more coils, e c, each separately connected to the supply and waste pipes, and having cut-off valves, in combination with air-duct D and damper N.

7. Air-ducts l), shafts A, and coils I, in combination with pipes F and registers (lt and II.

8. Air-ducts D, having dampers N, and shaft A, having dampers K, in combination with IOO IIO

285,539 i s Y l coil-chambers E, pipes F, having caps T, and rooms C, 'having registers G and H, all as described, and for the'purposes set forth.

9. In a heating and Ventilating system, coilchamhers, each of which contains two or more coils, which are separately connected to the supply and waste pipes, and provided Vwith veut-off Valves; in combination with pipes which connect the Coil-chambers with the rooms to 1o be heated, whereby the temperature of the pipes which convey the heated air to the rooms, and registers for the escape of foul air, 15 in combination with a Ventilating-shaft llaving dampers which wholly close it and lprevent circulation of air and cooling of the rooms when not in use. f

' In testimony whereof I affix my signature lin 2o presence of two witnesses.

NATHANIEL VHEELER. Vitn esses i A. M. VVoosTnR, I VJT. HAVILAND. I 

